How to make a feather quill pen?

23:04 Unknown 0 Comments

Have you ever found a feather and felt you just had to make it in to a quill pen? If so, this article is for you!

Step 1
Find your feather. You can use just any real feather that fits comfortably in your hand (like a pencil),but a long tail feather is best.
Step 2
Shave off the fibres closest to where the fibers end. You may leave them if you prefer, but this makes it easier to work with and easier to hold.
Step 3
Leave your feather in water over night. This makes it soft and more easily bent, you will see why later.
Step 4
Heat some sand to three-hundred eighty degrees Celsius and leave the feather in the sand, on a heat-proof surface,like a large pan,until cool. This hardens it and makes it so you don't have to resharpen it as often.
Step 5
Cut your feather at forty-five degrees then make a cut that is opposite the first one at about five degrees (Steepen if necessary). This cut should make two horns.
Step 6
Bend the two horns together. This should create a cracking sound and a pretty central slit at the horns,usually cutting a slit is better.
Step 7
Shave off the horns to a not-really-pointy-or-flat point so you don't splatter ink.
Step 8
If you want to, you can dye the end of the feather by mixing a hair dye in a clear plastic tub,carefully dip the end of the feather into the dye and let it dry overnight.
Step 9
Put a small strip of cloth or a good quality ribbon around the the place where you hold your pen to add more grip.Finished it off with a little super glue.
Step 10

Leave it to dry and it's finished!

Written by Winston.

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Become an author of Paper!

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Even bigger than terabyte?

10:47 Unknown 9 Comments

My USB has 64-gigabyte storage. My computer SSD has 4-terabyte storage. That's not bad: but do you know there are units that massively greater these? This is an intuitive look at large data sizes By Julian Bunn in Globally Interconnected Object Databases.

Bytes(8 Bits)

  • 0.1 bytes: A binary decision
  • 1 byte: A single character
  • 10 bytes: A single word
  • 100 bytes: A telegram OR A punched card

Kilobyte (1000 Bytes)

  • 1 Kilobyte: A very short story
  • 2 Kilobytes: A Typewritten page
  • 10 Kilobytes: An encyclopaedic page OR A deck of punched cards
  • 50 Kilobytes: A compressed document image page
  • 100 Kilobytes: A low-resolution photograph
  • 200 Kilobytes: A box of punched cards
  • 500 Kilobytes: A very heavy box of punched cards

Megabyte (1 000 000 Bytes)

  • 1 Megabyte: A small novel OR A 3.5 inch floppy disk
  • 2 Megabytes: A high resolution photograph
  • 5 Megabytes: The complete works of Shakespeare OR 30 seconds of TV-quality video
  • 10 Megabytes: A minute of high-fidelity sound OR A digital chest X-ray
  • 20 Megabytes: A box of floppy disks
  • 50 Megabytes: A digital mammogram
  • 100 Megabytes: 1 meter of shelved books OR A two-volume encyclopaedic book
  • 200 Megabytes: A reel of 9-track tape OR An IBM 3480 cartridge tape
  • 500 Megabytes: A CD-ROM OR The hard disk of a PC

Gigabyte (1 000 000 000 Bytes)

  • 1 Gigabyte: A pickup truck filled with paper OR A symphony in high-fidelity sound OR A movie at TV quality
  • 2 Gigabytes: 20 meters of shelved books OR A stack of 9-track tapes
  • 5 Gigabytes: An 8mm Exabyte tape
  • 10 Gigabytes
  • 20 Gigabytes: A good collection of the works of Beethoven OR 5 Exabyte tapes OR A VHS tape used for digital data
  • 50 Gigabytes: A floor of books OR Hundreds of 9-track tapes
  • 100 Gigabytes: A floor of academic journals OR A large ID-1 digital tape
  • 200 Gigabytes: 50 Exabyte tapes

Terabyte (1 000 000 000 000 Bytes)

  • 1 Terabyte: An automated tape robot OR All the X-ray films in a large technological hospital OR 50000 trees made into paper and printed OR Daily rate of EOS data (1998)
  • 2 Terabytes: An academic research library OR A cabinet full of Exabyte tapes
  • 10 Terabytes: The printed collection of the US Library of Congress
  • 50 Terabytes: The contents of a large Mass Storage System

Petabyte (1 000 000 000 000 000 Bytes)

  • 1 Petabyte: 5 years of EOS data (at 46 mbps)
  • 2 Petabytes: All US academic research libraries
  • 20 Petabytes: Production of hard-disk drives in 1995
  • 200 Petabytes: All printed material OR Production of digital magnetic tape in 1995

Exabyte (1 000 000 000 000 000 000 Bytes)

  • 5 Exabytes: All words ever spoken by human beings.
  • From wikipedia:
    • The world's technological capacity to store information grew from 2.6 (optimally compressed) exabytes in 1986 to 15.8 in 1993, over 54.5 in 2000, and to 295 (optimally compressed) exabytes in 2007. This is equivalent to less than one 730-MB CD-ROM per person in 1986 (539 MB per person), roughly 4 CD-ROM per person of 1993, 12 CD-ROM per person in the year 2000, and almost 61 CD-ROM per person in 2007. Piling up the imagined 404 billion CD-ROM from 2007 would create a stack from the earth to the moon and a quarter of this distance beyond (with 1.2 mm thickness per CD).
    • The world’s technological capacity to receive information through one-way broadcast networks was 432 exabytes of (optimally compressed) information in 1986, 715 (optimally compressed) exabytes in 1993, 1,200 (optimally compressed) exabytes in 2000, and 1,900 in 2007.
    • According to the CSIRO, in the next decade, astronomers expect to be processing 10 petabytes of data every hour from the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) telescope.[11] The array is thus expected to generate approximately one exabyte every four days of operation. According to IBM, the new SKA telescope initiative will generate over an exabyte of data every day. IBM is designing hardware to process this information.

Zettabyte (1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 Bytes)

  • From wikipedia:
    • The world’s technological capacity to receive information through one-way broadcast networks was 0.432 zettabytes of (optimally compressed) information in 1986, 0.715 in 1993, 1.2 in 2000, and 1.9 (optimally compressed) zettabytes in 2007 (this is the informational equivalent to every person on earth receiving 174 newspapers per day).[9][10]
    • According to International Data Corporation, the total amount of global data is expected to grow to 2.7 zettabytes during 2012. This is 48% up from 2011.[11]
    • Mark Liberman calculated the storage requirements for all human speech ever spoken at 42 zettabytes if digitized as 16 kHz 16-bit audio. This was done in response to a popular expression that states "all words ever spoken by human beings" could be stored in approximately 5 exabytes of data (see exabyte for details). Liberman did "freely confess that maybe the authors [of the exabyte estimate] were thinking about text."[12]
    • Research from the University of Southern California reports that in 2007, humankind successfully sent 1.9 zettabytes of information through broadcast technology such as televisions and GPS.[13]
    • Research from the University of California, San Diego reports that in 2008, Americans consumed 3.6 zettabytes of information.
  • Internet Traffic to Reach 1.3 Zettabytes by 2016

Yottabyte (1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 Bytes)

How big is yottabyte? Read this figure.

Xenottabyte (1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 Bytes)

Shilentnobyte (1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 Bytes)

Domegemegrottebyte (1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 Bytes)

Icosebyte (1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 bytes)

Monoicosebyte (1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 Bytes)

Overall, the scale:

kilobyte =1024 bytes
megabyte = 1024 kilobytes
gigabyte = 1024 megabytes
terabyte  = 1024 gigabytes
petabtye = 1024 terabytes
exabyte = 1024 petabytes
zettabyte =1024 exabytes
yottabyte = 1024 zettabyte
Xenottabyte = 1024 Yottabytes
Shilentnobyte = 1024 Xenottabytes
Domegemegrottebyte = 1024 Shilentnobytes
Icosebyte = 1024 Domegemegrottebytes
Monoicosebyte = 1024 Icosebyte

So, got it? It's a bit complicated but interesting. Anyway-Hope you learn something. :-)

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Recording The Change—Like it's been for 50 years

16:47 Unknown 0 Comments

In a cloudy afternoon in 1963, November was only a week away.A young man was walking down his way to the studios in New York City. There on there on the street, some street performers were singing 'The Bitter and The Sweet'. There, he got an idea and the legendary track was recorded two days later.

If Bob Dylan’s second album, ‘The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan,’ hadn’t done enough to earn him the tag of the voice of his generation, the follow-up solidified it. Released on Jan. 13, 1964, ‘The Times They Are A-Changin’’ was the sound of the legendary singer-songwriter coming into his own.

Already the darling of the folk scene for ‘Freewheelin’ protest songs like ‘Blowin’ in the Wind,’ ‘Masters of War’ and ‘A Hard Rain’s a-Gonna Fall,’ Dylan delivered a fresh new batch on his third album. Once again recording with just an acoustic guitar and harmonica, he upped the ante, especially on the anthemic title track, which remains a rallying cry for each new generation looking to define itself. Meanwhile, ‘With God on Our Side’ questioned the moral justifications given for wars throughout the ages.

Dylan’s continuing commitment to the civil-rights movement was in ‘The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll’ and ‘Only a Pawn in Their Game,’ but both took a new approach, focusing the outrage on the disease — the entrenchment of racism in society — rather than the symptoms. In the former, it wasn’t enough that a drunken rich white man killed a hardworking African-American woman for no reason; he was also given only a six-month jail sentence for his crime.

In the latter song, he dares to show empathy toward the killer of civil-rights activist Medgar Evers by acknowledging that his actions were the natural conclusion of a power structure designed to keep him down: “He’s taught in his school / From the start by the rule / That the laws are with him / To protect his white skin / To keep up his hate / So he never thinks straight / ’Bout the shape that he’s in / But it ain’t him to blame / He’s only a pawn in their game.”

But it wasn’t all political material. ‘Boots of Spanish Leather’ and ‘One Too Many Mornings’ are among Dylan’s most poignant and frequently covered ballads. When sung with the Band on his infamous 1966 tour, ‘Mornings’ took on a new meaning. Rather than a regretful tune about the end of a relationship, Dylan appeared to be singing it to his audience, which couldn’t accept his decision to go electric: “You’re right from your side / And I’m right from mine / We’re both just one too many mornings / And a thousand miles behind.”

Although the songs on the album showed a natural progression of growth from his previous efforts, the cover artwork for ’Times’ was a noticeable departure from the previous two. Gone was the boyishly cherubic face of the debut and the idealistic romantic of ‘Freewheelin’,’ replaced by a Woody Guthrie-esque black-and-white photo of a serious-looking Dylan with his eyes cast downward.


If there’s anything ‘The Times They Are A-Changin’’ lacked from its predecessor, it was a lack of lightness. The absurdist talking blues tracks that added levity to Dylan’s earlier social commentary were nowhere to be found. Still, it didn’t stop the album from reaching No. 20 on the chart, Dylan’s highest-charting record ever at the time.

Written by Winston.

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